Under Gravel Filter - 20 pieces | UG filter

An Under Gravel Filter (UGF) is a type of filtration system used in aquariums to maintain water quality. It is installed beneath the substrate (gravel or sand) and uses a combination of biological and mechanical filtration to keep the tank water clean. UGFs are simple, cost-effective, and easy to maintain, making them a popular choice for small to medium-sized aquariums.
Key Features of Under Gravel Filters
Filtration Mechanism:
Biological Filtration: Beneficial bacteria grow on the substrate and filter plate, breaking down harmful ammonia and nitrite into less toxic nitrate.
Mechanical Filtration: Solid waste particles get trapped in the substrate, preventing them from circulating in the tank.
Components:
A plastic filter plate placed at the bottom of the tank.
Uplift tubes attached to the plate to move water.
An air pump or powerhead to create suction and water flow.
Substrate (gravel or sand) that acts as the primary medium for filtration.
Compatibility:
Works best in tanks with gravel substrate. Not suitable for fine sand as it can clog the filter.
How It Works
Water is pulled through the substrate by the suction created by the air pump or powerhead.
The substrate traps solid waste, and beneficial bacteria break down toxins.
Clean water is returned to the tank via the uplift tubes.
Advantages of Under Gravel Filters
Cost-Effective:
UGFs are one of the most affordable filtration options available.
Low Maintenance:
Minimal equipment is visible in the tank, and cleaning the filter plate itself is infrequent.
Efficient Biological Filtration:
Provides a large surface area for beneficial bacteria to colonize, enhancing biological filtration.
Space-Saving:
UGFs are hidden beneath the substrate, leaving more room for decorations and fish.
Quiet Operation:
When paired with a quality air pump, UGFs operate with minimal noise.
Disadvantages of Under Gravel Filters
Limited Mechanical Filtration:
Solid waste can accumulate in the substrate, requiring frequent vacuuming.
Not Suitable for All Substrates:
Fine sand or small particles can clog the filter and reduce efficiency.
Challenging to Clean Thoroughly:
Cleaning requires removing substrate, which can disturb the tank ecosystem.
Inefficient for Large Tanks:
UGFs are best suited for smaller aquariums, as they may not handle the bio-load of larger tanks.
Setting Up an Under Gravel Filter
Choose a Compatible Tank Size:
UGFs are ideal for tanks up to 20-40 gallons.
Install the Filter Plate:
Place the UGF plate on the bare bottom of the tank.
Connect Uplift Tubes:
Attach the uplift tubes to the filter plate. Connect an air pump or powerhead to the tubes.
Add Substrate:
Cover the filter plate with 2-3 inches of gravel. Avoid fine sand or heavy rocks that can block water flow.
Set Up and Start the Tank:
Once the tank is filled with water and the UGF is running, allow the system to cycle to establish beneficial bacteria.
Maintenance Tips
Regular Gravel Vacuuming:
Use an aquarium siphon to remove trapped debris from the substrate during water changes.
Check Water Flow:
Ensure that the air pump or powerhead is functioning properly and creating sufficient water movement.
Monitor Water Parameters:
Regularly test ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels to ensure the biological filtration is working effectively.
Deep Cleaning (Rarely):
If the filter becomes clogged, you may need to remove the substrate and clean the filter plate. This should be done sparingly to avoid disrupting the beneficial bacteria.
Who Should Use an Under Gravel Filter?
Beginner Hobbyists: UGFs are simple to install and operate.
Small Tanks: Ideal for tanks up to 40 gallons.
Low Bio-Load Aquariums: Works well for lightly stocked tanks with hardy fish.
Conclusion
An Under Gravel Filter is an affordable and efficient option for aquarists who prioritize simplicity and biological filtration. While it may require regular maintenance to prevent debris buildup, its hidden design and ease of use make it a practical choice for smaller tanks. Pair it with regular substrate cleaning, and it can provide a stable and healthy environment for your fish.